Japan is treading carefully in response to the United States’ recent move to impose sanctions on Tomoko Akane, the president of the International Criminal Court (ICC), as it seeks to avoid directly criticizing the actions of the Trump administration. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi labeled the sanctions as “very unfortunate” and emphasized that Japan plans to continue discussions with the U.S. and other concerned nations. Japanese officials are keenly aware of the need to protect their relationship with the U.S., their sole treaty ally, and are taking steps to prevent any adverse effects on bilateral ties.
As the largest financial supporter of the ICC, Japan has played a significant role in the court’s operations, also contributing notable personnel. Akane, a distinguished Japanese national who previously served as a prosecutor in Japan, was appointed as an ICC judge in 2018 and made history in 2024 by becoming the first Japanese citizen to be elected as the court’s president. The U.S., however, has adopted a more adversarial stance towards the ICC, with President Donald Trump authorizing sanctions against its personnel in February 2025. Subsequently, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio indicated Washington’s intent to undermine the court and garner opposition from its allies.
Previously, Japan opted not to join an international statement denouncing the U.S. sanctions, citing its strategic relationship with Washington as a primary reason. This decision drew criticism from Akane, who urged Japan to adopt a more robust stance in defense of the ICC and the principles of the rule of law. Despite the cautious tone in Japan’s official response, the Japanese government has expressed its support for both the ICC and Akane in the past. Prime Minister Takaichi, during Akane’s visit to Japan in January, reiterated Tokyo’s commitment to backing the court’s mission and significance.
The diplomatic tightrope Japan is walking is indicative of the complexities in its foreign relations, balancing its significant contributions and support for the ICC against the need to maintain a strong alliance with the United States. The ongoing discussions with U.S. officials and other international partners highlight Japan’s desire to mediate the situation without causing diplomatic friction. As the situation unfolds, Japan’s leadership will likely continue to seek a path that upholds its international commitments while safeguarding its crucial strategic alliances.